Abstract—A planar wideband patch antenna based on a hybrid radiating structure is presented for sub-6 GHz Fifth-Generation (5G) and broadband wireless systems. The antenna combines a semi-circular radiator, a rectangular extension, dual L-shaped strips, and a modified partial ground plane to generate multiple closely spaced resonant modes. Interaction among these modes produces a continuous impedance response over a broad frequency range. The proposed antenna is implemented on a single-layer FR-4 substrate with overall dimensions of 46 mm × 58 mm × 1.6 mm. Measured results show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth from 1.77 GHz to 9.55 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 137.46%. Simulated and measured characteristics agree well across the operating region. Surface current analysis indicates that the broadband behavior originates from geometry-dependent current redistribution and coupling interaction between the radiator and the modified ground structure. The proposed antenna preserves consistent omnidirectional radiation behavior while providing simulated realized gains between 2.24 dBi and 5.28 dBi, together with radiation efficiency exceeding 72.8% throughout the operational spectrum. Owing to its simple planar configuration and wide operating range, the proposed design is suitable for sub-6 GHz wireless devices.

Index Terms—hybrid-geometry, patch antenna, sub-6 GHz, wideband antenna, Fifth-Generation (5G) communications

Cite: Suthasinee Lamultree and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich , "A Planar Hybrid-geometry Wideband Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications," International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 334-345, 2026. doi: 10.18178/ijeetc.15.5.334-345

Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).