Abstract—Temperature control systems are among the most demanding and critical uses of server rooms, industrial plants, and smart homes because they are nonlinear and dynamic. Although Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) controllers are ubiquitous in climate control, their fixed linear gain parameters are not very adaptable to different operating conditions. Fuzzy control systems, especially soft clustering-based systems, offer more versatile methods by facilitating smooth and continuous adjustment of temperature and thus more precise and adaptive control. On the basis of both fuzzy K-means and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithms, in this research, a clustering-based PID system is developed and evaluated. The study carried out a simulation for valdating system performance, with a focus on temperature tracking in terms of accuracy, energy cost, and precision. It indicates that the proposed FCM-PID controller achieved the highest stable and accurate temperature response compared to the traditional PID and fuzzy K-means PID controllers. It ensures about 10% savings on energy costs with an accuracy of 97.6% and a lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE), 0.48°C, representing its real-time efficiency in adaptive control. It also reflects a quantitative superiority against traditional PID and K-means PID methods. The indications are that the integration of FCM-PID can be a potential smart energy-saving technology that can be adopted in future generations of Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems and other applications sensitive to temperature changes. 

Index Terms—cost optimization, energy-efficient, fuzzy clustering algorithm, fuzzy C-means clustering, fuzzy K-means clustering, Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) controller, temperature control system

Cite: Vaishali P. Salve, Varsha D. Yelmar, and Magan P. Ghatule, "Fuzzy Clustering-Based Temperature Control System for Energy Efficiency and Cost Optimization in Smart Homes," International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 171-183, 2026. doi: 10.18178/ijeetc.15.3.171-183

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